The systems engineering process is the order in which a systems is planned and built.
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Identify and Document Problem/Need/Opportunity
The identification and exploration of a problem, need, opportunity or situation requiring a systems engineering solution. The context, and the constraints and considerations that apply to the problem, need, opportunity or situation, are articulated in a design brief. Criteria are developed to evaluate how well the system satisfies the design brief. Factors are described that influence the creation and use of a system.
This is essentially the brainstorming and identifying the problem. Ideas for different solutions are thought up, and research is done. This stage features:
- Ideas: Mindmaps, brainstorms, etc.
- A design brief, which includes:
- Success Criteria: What is required for the system to be considered successful?
- Constraints: Time/Budget/Space Constraints
- Intended Users: Who will make use of the machine?
Research Feasibility and Alternatives
Researching the problem, need, opportunity or situation to consider how it can be addressed. This will involve exploring subsystems, components, processes and any associated costs, and generation of various design options with the selection of the most appropriate systems design.
This is considered the research stage, during which it is determined whether the a proposed design can actually be made under the constraints, as well as the maker’s resources and skills. This stage features:
- Research on the financial cost of components
- Research on the different electrical and mechanical subsystems
- Various design options which are considered based on the previous two sections
Design and Model the System
Designing and modelling the potential system, which requires the execution of drawings, flow diagrams, and testing and trialling possibilities using simulation or actual components. Calculations may need to be made to determine functionality and performance. Components and materials that are appropriate for the system or subsystem are selected with reference to technical data and specifications, including online sources.
This is when plans, sketches and CAD drawings are done. A selected design is chosen and used to create the final system. This stage features:
- Flowcharts: Used to show electrical and/or mechanical processes
- Computer Simulations: Usually for circuitry, but mechanical simulations do exist
- Mathematical calculations
- CAD drawings
- Sketches
Plan, Build and Fabricate Subsystems
Planning determines how the proposed system will be produced, and involves careful consideration of the sequential steps required to fabricate components that form the system and subsystems. Initially a work plan is developed that includes a sequence and timeline and identifies and sources the required components and materials. Once the planning is completed, assembly and fabrication of the system and subsystems is undertaken using a range of production processes, and tools, equipment, components and materials compliant with OH&S requirements.
This is the actual ‘production stage’ in which the system is built. Usually the longest and most important stage in the process. This stage features:
- A production log
- Timeline/Gantt Chart
- List of components and tools
- Risk evaluation
Test and Diagnose/Analyse Performance
The system, subsystem or components are then tested and diagnosed throughout production. If necessary, adjustments, modifications or repairs are made to the system to ensure optimal performance.
This is the testing stage, in which a system is analysed for any flaws/improvements. This stage features:
- Diagnostic testing: Using multimeters, newton balances, etc.
- Analysing Performance: Video of performance, or test cases
- Modifications
Evaluate and Report on System produced and processes used
Evaluation of the system occurs after it has been produced. The findings of diagnostic testing are reported and include conclusions about how successfully the system performed in relation to its problem, need, opportunity or situation using the pre-determined evaluation criteria. Recommendations for improvements to the system and processes used are reported in the evaluation.
This is considered the ‘documentation stage’ (even though every stage requires some documentation).This stage features:
- Improvements on the system
- Comparisons: The final system is compared to the design brief and success criteria to see how well the system achieved its goal.